EVIDENCE BASED CARDIOLOGY EBOOK
Abbreviations commonly used in this book
AADs antiarrhythmic drugs
ABI Ankle Brachial Index
ACC American College of Cardiology
ACD absolute claudication distance
ACE angiotensin - converting enzyme
ACS acute coronary syndrome
ADA adenine deaminase
ADMA asymmetric dimethylarginin
AF atrial fi brillation
AHA American Heart Association
AIS acute ischemic stroke
ALI Acute limb ischemia
AMI acute myocardial infarction
AMR antibody - mediated rejection; acute mitral
regurgitation
AR aortic regurgitation
ARB angiotensin receptor blockers
ARF acute rheumatic fever
ARR absolute risk reduction
ARVC arrhythmogenic right ventricular
cardiomyopathy
ARVD arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
AS aortic stenosis
ASA acetylsalicylic acid
ASD atrial septal defect
ASMR age - standardized mortality rates
ATP adenosine triphosphate
AVA aortic valve area
AVB atrioventricular block
AVR aortic valve replacement
AVSD atrioventricular septal defect
AVV atrioventricular valve
BAV bicuspid aortic valve
BNP brain natriuretic peptide
BUN blood urea nitrogen
CABG coronary artery bypass graft
CAD coronary artery disease
CAV cardiac allograft vasculopathy
CBF cerebral/coronary blood fl ow
CCB calcium channel blocker
CCC Chagas ’ cardiomyopathy
CCMR chronic compensated mitral regurgitation
CDMR chronic decompensated mitral regurgitation
CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein
CHD coronary heart disease
CHF congestive heart failure
CK creatine kinase
CKD chronic kidney disease
CLI critical limb ischemia
CMR cardiac magnetic resonance
CMV cytomegalovirus
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPVT catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular
tachycardia
Cr Creatinine
CRP C - reactive protein
CSS carotid sinus syndrome
CTA computed tomographic angiography
CTEPH chronic thromboembolic pulmonary
hypertension
CTI cavotricuspid isthmus
CTPA computed tomographic pulmonary
angiography
CVD cardiovascular disease
CVRF cardiovascular risk factors
DAD delayed afterdepolarizations
DALYs disability - adjusted life - years
DCM dilated cardiomyopathy
DBP diastolic blood pressure
DSA digital subtraction angiography
EAD early afterdepolarizations
EBV Epstein – Barr virus
ECMV encephalomyocarditis virus
EF ejection fraction
EKG electrocardiogram
EMB endomyocardial biopsy
EPS electrophysiologic testing
ESC European Society of Cardiology
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
FISH fl uorescence in situ hybridization
GAS group A streptococcal
GFR glomerular fi ltration rate
GSD glycogen storage disease
HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HCt haematocrit
HDL high-density lipoprotein
HFSA Heart Failure Society of America
HIC high - income countries
HIT heparin - induced thrombocytopenia
HIV human immunodefi ciency virus
HRQoL health - related quality of life
IART intra - atrial re - entrant tachycardia
ICD implantable cardioverter - defi brillator; initial
claudication distance
ICH intracerebral hemorrhage
IE infective endocarditis
IFG impaired fasting glucose
IGT impaired glucose tolerance
ILR implantable loop recorder
IMH intramural hematoma
INR international normalized ratio
ISHLT International Society for Heart and Lung
Transplantation
IV intravenous
IVUS intravascular ultrasound
LCSD left cardiac sympathetic denervation
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low - density lipoprotein
LMIC low - and middle - income countries
LMWH low molecular weight heparin
LoB line of block
LR likelihood ratio
LSCA left subclavian artery
LSD lysosomal storage disorders
LV left ventricle/ventricular
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
LVH left ventricular hypertrophy
LVOT LV outfl ow tract
LVOTO left ventricular outfl ow tract obstructions
LVSD left ventricular systolic dysfunction
MACE major adverse cardiovascular events
MCOT mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry
MDTD maximum daily therapeutic dose
METS metabolic equivalents
MI myocardial infarction
MS mitral stenosis
MTT Myocarditis Treatment Trial
MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids
MVR mitral valve replacemen
NCD non - communicable diseases
NNT number needed to treat
NRT nicotine replacement therapy
NSAIDs non - steroidal anti - infl ammatory drugs
NSVT non - sustained ventricular tachycardia
NVAF non - valvular atrial fi brillation
OAC oral anticoagulants
OLAT organized left atrial tachyarrhythmia
OR odds ratio
PAD peripheral arterial disease
PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension
PAP pulmonary artery pressures
PARs population - attributable risks
PAU penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer
PBAV percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty
PBMV percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty
PCA percutaneous angioplasty
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
PDA patent ductus arteriosus
PDGF platelet - derived growth factor
PFO patent foramen ovale
POTS postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
PPA plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy
PR pulmonary regurgitation
PS pulmonary stenosis
PSVT paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
PTLD post - transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids
PV pulmonary valve
PVAR paravalvular aortic regurgitation
PVE prosthetic valve endocarditis
PVI pulmonary vein isolation
PVR pulmonary vascular resistance
PVS pulmonary valve stenosis
PVT prosthetic valve thrombosis
QALYs quality - adjusted life - years
QoL quality of life
RAS renin - angiotensin system
RCT randomized controlled/clinical trial
RF radiofrequency
RHD rheumatic heart disease
RR relative risk
RRR relative risk reduction
RV right ventricle/ventricular
SAECG signal - averaged ECG
SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage
SAM systolic anterior motion
SAS subvalvar aortic stenosis
SBP systolic blood pressure
SFA saturated fatty acids
SIDS sudden infant death syndrome
SND sinus node dysfunction
SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms
STEMI ST segment elevated myocardial infarction
SUNDS sudden unexplained nocturnal death
syndrome
SVAS supravalvar aortic stenosis
TAVR transcatheter aortic valve replacement
TCPC total cavopulmonary connection
TE thromboembolic
TEE transesophageal echocardiography
TGA transposition of the great arteries
TIA transient ischemic attack
TLOC transient loss of consciousness
TOF tetralogy of Fallot
TR tricuspid regurgitation
TSH thyroid - stimulating hormone
TTE transthoracic echocardiography
TV tricuspid valve
TWA T - wave alternans
UFH unfractionated heparin
VF ventricular fi brillation
VKAs vitamin K antagonists
VSD ventricular septal defect
VT ventricular tachycardia
VTE venous thromboembolism
VUI venous ultrasound imaging
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