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The Gale Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health is a medical reference product designed to inform and educate readers about a wide variety of diseases, treatments, tests and procedures, health issues, human biology, and nursing and allied health professions. The Gale Group believes the product to be comprehensive, but not necessarily definitive. While the Gale Group has made substantial efforts to provide information that is accurate, comprehensive, and up-to-date, the Gale Group makes no representations or warranties of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, nor does it guarantee the accuracy, comprehensiveness, or timeliness of the information contained in this product. Readers should be aware that the universe of medical knowledge is constantly growing and changing, and that differences of medical opinion exist among authorities.

The term behavioural sciences encompasses all the disciplines that explore the activities of and interactions among organisms in the natural world. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behaviour through controlled and naturalistic observation, and disciplined scientific experimentation. It attempts to accomplish legitimate, objective conclusions through rigorous formulations and observation.[1] Examples of behavioural sciences include psychology, psychobiology, and cognitive science. The term behavioural sciences is often confused with the term social sciences. Though these two broad areas are interrelated and study systematic processes of behaviour, they differ on their level of scientific analysis of various dimensions of behaviour. Behavioural sciences abstract empirical data to investigate the decision processes and communication strategies within and between organisms in a social system. This involves fields like psychology, social neuroscienc...

Infectious diseases, also known as transmissible diseases or communicable diseases comprise clinically evident illness (i.e., characteristic medical signs and/or symptoms of disease) resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism. In certain cases, infectious diseases may be asymptomatic for much or even all of their course in a given host. In the latter case, the disease may only be defined as a "disease" (which by definition means an illness) in hosts who secondarily become ill after contact with an asymptomatic carrier. An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host. Infectious pathogens include some viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. These pathogens are the cause of disease epidemics, in the sense that without the pathogen, no infectious epidemic occurs. The term infectivity describ...

clik image to download The basic principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are rooted in the Taoist philosophy of yin and yang. These two polar opposites organize and explain the ongoing process of natural change and transformation in the universe. According to ancient lore, yang marks the sunny side and yin the shady side of a hill. In the theory of yin and yang, all things and phenomena of the cosmos contain these two complementary aspects. The traditional Taoist symbol for completeness and harmony is the merging monad of yin and yang. The standard of TCM, the Huang Di Nei Jing, “The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Medicine,” dates as far back as 500–300 BC. This 18-volume classic work has two parts, Ling Shu and Su We. The Su Wen explains the theoretical foundations of TCM in the form of a dialogue between the legendary Yellow Emperor Huan Di and his personal physician Shi Po. The Ling Shu, the practical part of the Nei Jing, report...

Instruction : download PDF please click on image Ebook Content : Chapter 1 The Physiology of Wound Healing 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Definitions associated with wounds 1 1.3 The structure of the skin 2 1.3.1 Dermis 2 1.3.2 Epidermis 2 1.4 Wound healing 3 1.4.1 Inflammation 4 1.4.2 Reconstruction 6 1.4.3 Epithelialisation 8 1.4.4 Maturation 9 1.5 Impaired wound healing 9 1.5.1 Hypertrophic scars 9 1.5.2 Keloids 10 1.5.3 Contractures 10 1.5.4 Acute to chronic wounds 10 1.6 Conclusion 11 Chapter 2 The Management of Patients with Wounds 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Physical care 13 2.2.1 Nutrition 13 2.2.2 Infection 19 2.2.3 Smoking 23 2.2.4 Diabetes mellitus 25 2.2.5 They physical effects of stress 26 2.2.6 Pain 27 2.2.7 Sleeping 30 2.2.8 Hypothermia 32 2.2.9 Steroids 33 2.2.10 Radiotherapy 34 2.3 Psychological care 35 2.3.1 Anxiety 35 2.3.2 Motivation and education 37 2.3.3 Body image 39 2.3.4 Other psychological problems 41 2.4 Spiritual care 43 Ch...

Download PDF please click on image Infusion Assessment Primary infusion fluid—Fluid that is infusing continuously. Secondary infusion—Fluid that is infusing intermittently, usually in a 50-250 ml IV bag infusing over 15 minutes to 2 hours. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump—Infuses pain medication and is usually connected to the primary line. Both the primary line and PCA pump infuse concurrently. HOT TIP: When assessing the infusions to check for incompatibilities, the PCA pump can easily be overlooked!! Verify the type of medication in the PCA pump, and ensure it is compatible. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)/Lipids—TPN usually infuses continuously over 24 hours. Lipids usually infuse over 8, 10, or 12 hours connected to the TPN IV line below the filter. HOT TIP: Due to the additional components/medications in the TPN solution, NO medication is to be given in the same line as the TPN or the lipids. Blood products—Include whole blood, packed red blood cells, ...

Completely revised and updated with all new coverage of the basic issues in evidence-based medicine in patient care Abundant real-world examples drawn from the medical literature are woven throughout, and include important related principles and pitfalls in using clinical research in patient care decisions Edited by over 60 internationally recognized editors and contributors from around the globe Also look for JAMAevidence.com, a new interactive database for the best practice of evidence based medicine Includes: 1. How to Use the Medical Literature–and This Book–to Improve Your Patient Care 2. The Philosophy of Evidence-Based Medicine 3. What Is the Question? 4. Finding the Evidence 5. Why Study Results Mislead: Bias and Random Error 6. Therapy (Randomized Trials) 7. Does Treatment Lower Risk? Understanding the Results 8. Confidence Intervals 9. Harm (Observational Studies) 10. The Process of Diagnosis 11. Differential Diagnosis 12. Diagnostic Tests 13. Progno...

Medical-surgical nursing is a nursing specialty area concerned with the care of adult patients in a broad range of settings. The Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN) is a specialty nursing organization dedicated to nurturing medical-surgical nurses as they advance their careers. Traditionally, medical-surgical nursing was an entry-level position that most nurses viewed as a stepping stone to specialty areas. Medical-surgical nursing is the largest group of professionals in the field of nursing. Advances in medicine and nursing have resulted in medical-surgical nursing evolving into its own specialty. Many years ago a majority of hospital nurses worked on wards, and everyone was a medical-surgical nurse. Today licensed medical-surgical nurses work in a variety of positions, inpatient clinics, emergency departments, HMO’s, administration, out patient surgical centers, home health care, humanitarian relief work, ambulatory surgical care, and skilled nursing homes. Some military me...

This fully updated edition offers over 11,000 entries, each providing clear, up-to-date coverage of specialist nursing terms, including diseases, symptoms, anatomy, instruments, common drugs, and biological terms. It covers both everyday vocabulary relating to patient care, and terms from medical specializations such as psychiatry. Disclaimer This site contains links to other websites. All Ebooks and Softwares are Copyright of their respective owners. Links are from different authors all over the world. This site simply provides links to offshore content (not in US or Canada) to material featured in this site.

A nurse uniform is attire worn by nurses for hygiene and identification. The traditional nurse uniform consists of a dress, apron and cap. It has existed in many variants, but the basic style has remained recognizable. History The first nurse uniforms were derived from the nun's habit. Before the 19th century, nuns took care of sick and injured people so it was obvious that trained lay nurses might copy the nun's habit as they have adopted ranks like "Sister". One of Florence Nightingale's first students (Miss VanRensselaer) designed the original uniform for the students at Miss Nightingale's school of nursing. Before the 1940s minor changes occurred in the uniform. The clothing consisted of a mainly blue outfit. Hospitals were free to determine the style of the nurse uniform, including the nurse's cap which exists in many variants. In Britain, the national uniform (or simply "national") was designed with the advent of the Nati...